{"id":2029,"date":"2019-06-24T19:53:41","date_gmt":"2019-06-24T19:53:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/?p=2029"},"modified":"2020-05-06T23:29:37","modified_gmt":"2020-05-06T23:29:37","slug":"section-7-ip-address-classes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/?p=2029","title":{"rendered":"Section 7: IP Address Classes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/?p=2014\">&lt; Section 6<\/a> | <a href=\"\/course-introduction\/\">Home<\/a> | <a href=\"http:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/?p=2039\">Section 8 &gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<p>17% Complete<\/p>\n<h1>34: Introduction<\/h1>\n<h1>35: Class A IP Addresses<\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/cisco-icnd1\/learn\/lecture\/8589490#content\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/cisco-icnd1\/learn\/lecture\/8589490#content<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Subnet Size<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The bigger the host portion of a network, the more hosts you can have\n<ul>\n<li>If the subnet mask is \/8, you have 24 bits remaining to allocate to hosts.\n<ul>\n<li>Not a lot of networks, but a lot of hosts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>if the subnet mask is \/24, you only have 8 bits remaining to allocate to hosts.\n<ul>\n<li>Not a lot of hosts, but a lot of networks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>IANA &#8211; Internet Assigned Numbers Authority<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Originally IPv4 was designed to handle all IP requests.\u00a0 Each PC\/Workstation could have it&#8217;s own IP.<\/li>\n<li>Unfortunately, the Internet exploded and IPv6 was designed to handle this load.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Class A addresses<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Class A networks are assigned to networks with a very large number of hosts.<\/li>\n<li>The High-order (first bit) in a Class A address is always set to Zero\n<ul>\n<li>01111110 00000000 00000000 00000000<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The default subnet mask is \/8 (255.0.0.0)<\/li>\n<li>Valid network addresses range from 1.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0\/8<\/li>\n<li>This allows for 126 networks and 16,777,214 hosts per network.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Reserved Class A Addresses<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>0.0.0.0\/8 signifies &#8220;this Network&#8221;\n<ul>\n<li>0.0.0.1 to 0.255.255.255 are not valid host addresses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>127.0.0.0\/8 in the Class A space is reserved as the loopback address for testing the local computer\n<ul>\n<li>127.0.0.1 &#8211; 127.255.255.255 are not valid host addresses<\/li>\n<li>You should always be able to ping 127.0.0.1 to verify your TCP\/IP is working.\n<ul>\n<li>You could also ping any IP in the 127.0.0.1 &#8211; 127.255.255.254 and get the same results.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The combination of these two wiped out 33,445,428 addresses from the global address pool!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Subnetting<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>A company with a Class A network would NOT simply assign all 16,777,214IPs directly to hosts with a single network.<\/li>\n<li>Instead, the would break the network down in to smaller &#8216;subnets&#8217;\n<ul>\n<li>15.0.0.0\/8\n<ul>\n<li>15.0.1.0\/24 could be used in NY<\/li>\n<li>15.0.2.0\/24 could be assigned to Boston<\/li>\n<li>15.0.3.0\/24 to Milwaukee &#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>36: IP Address Classes B and C<\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/cisco-icnd1\/learn\/lecture\/8589502#content\">https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/cisco-icnd1\/learn\/lecture\/8589502#content<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Class B<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>First 2 bits will always be &#8217;10&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>Default mask is \/16 (255.255.0.0)<\/li>\n<li>Network ranges are between 128.0.0.0\/16 to 191.255.0.0\/16\n<ul>\n<li>128: 1000 0000<\/li>\n<li>191: 1011 1111<\/li>\n<li>This allows for 16,384 networks and 65,534 hosts per network<\/li>\n<li>This would also be subnetted in the real world<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Class C<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>First 3 bits are &#8216;110&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>Default mask is \/24<\/li>\n<li>Valid ranges are from 192.0.0.0\/24 to 223.255.255.0\/24\n<ul>\n<li>192: 1100 0000<\/li>\n<li>223: 1101 1111<\/li>\n<li>This allows for 2,097,152 networks and 254 hosts per network<\/li>\n<li>This could be allocated as is in the real world or subnetted if required.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Private Addresses<\/h2>\n<p>Private Addresses are NOT routeable to the Internet and were originally intended for use in closed private networks.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Class A: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255<\/li>\n<li>Class B: 172.16.0.0 &#8211; 172.31.255.255<\/li>\n<li>Class C: 192.168.0.0 tp 192.168.255.255<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>37: IP Address Classes D and E<\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/cisco-icnd1\/learn\/lecture\/8589506#content\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/cisco-icnd1\/learn\/lecture\/8589506#content<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Class D<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Class D addresses are reserved for IP Multicast addresses.<\/li>\n<li>The first 4 bits are &#8216;1110&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>These addresses are not allocated to hosts and there is no default subnet mask<\/li>\n<li>Valid ranges are 224.0.0.0 &#8211; 239.255.255.255<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Multicast<\/h3>\n<h4>Unicast Overview<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/uni1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2034\" src=\"http:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/uni1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"713\" height=\"290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/uni1.png 713w, https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/uni1-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/uni1-150x61.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 713px) 100vw, 713px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Each packet must be uniquely delivered to each receiving host<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Multicast Overview<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/multi1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2035\" src=\"http:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/multi1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"691\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/multi1.png 691w, https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/multi1-300x128.png 300w, https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/multi1-150x64.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 691px) 100vw, 691px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/multi2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2036\" src=\"http:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/multi2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"697\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/multi2.png 697w, https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/multi2-300x130.png 300w, https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/multi2-150x65.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 697px) 100vw, 697px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Packet is only delivered once and is received by whomever wants it.<\/li>\n<li>Traffic is actually sent to IP 239.0.0.1 (or similar)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Class E &#8211; Experimental<\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li>First 4 bits are &#8216;1111&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>The addresses are not allocated to hosts and there is no default subnet. mask.<\/li>\n<li>Addresses range from 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255<\/li>\n<li>255.255.255.255 is the broadcast address for &#8216;this network&#8217;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Class Summary<\/h1>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Exam Topic!<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ipclasses.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2037\" src=\"http:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ipclasses.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"609\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ipclasses.png 609w, https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ipclasses-300x138.png 300w, https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/ipclasses-150x69.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 609px) 100vw, 609px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&lt; Section 6 | Home | Section 8 &gt; 17% Complete 34: Introduction 35: Class A IP Addresses https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/cisco-icnd1\/learn\/lecture\/8589490#content Subnet Size The bigger the host portion of a network, the more hosts you can have If the subnet mask is \/8, you have 24 bits remaining to allocate to hosts. Not a lot of networks, ..<\/p>\n<div class=\"clear-fix\"><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/?p=2029\" title=\"read more...\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-icnd1-ccent"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2029","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2029"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2029\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2856,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2029\/revisions\/2856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}