{"id":1938,"date":"2019-06-18T02:23:25","date_gmt":"2019-06-18T02:23:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/?p=1938"},"modified":"2019-06-18T17:31:56","modified_gmt":"2019-06-18T17:31:56","slug":"section-16-advanced-python-objects-and-data-structures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/?p=1938","title":{"rendered":"Section 16: Advanced Python Objects and Data Structures"},"content":{"rendered":"

< Section 15<\/a> | Section 17 ><\/p>\n

Advanced Numbers<\/h1>\n

https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/complete-python-bootcamp\/learn\/lecture\/3650896?start=0#questions<\/a><\/p>\n

Hexadecimal hex()<\/h3>\n

Values are returned as strings<\/p>\n

hex(246)<\/pre>\n
0xf6<\/p>\n
hex(256)<\/pre>\n
0x200<\/p>\n
Binary bin()<\/h3>\n
Values are returned as strings<\/p>\n
bin(1234)<\/pre>\n
0b10011010010<\/p>\n
pow()<\/h3>\n
Looks like PHP to me…<\/p>\n
2**3 == pow(2,3)<\/pre>\n
abs()<\/h3>\n
abs(-4)<\/pre>\n
4<\/p>\n
round()<\/h3>\n
Rounds to 0 places by default<\/p>\n
round(4.75,1)<\/pre>\n
4.8<\/p>\n
round(4.75)<\/pre>\n
5<\/p>\n
Advanced Strings<\/h1>\n
https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/complete-python-bootcamp\/learn\/lecture\/3512768#questions<\/a><\/p>\n
Case, Count and Find<\/h2>\n
.capitalize()<\/h3>\n
Capitalizes the first character in the string.<\/p>\n
s = \"hello world. how are you today?\"\r\ns.capitalize()<\/pre>\n
Hello world. how are you today?<\/p>\n
.upper()<\/h3>\n
Converts all characters to UPPER case<\/p>\n
s.upper()<\/pre>\n
HELLO WORLD. HOW ARE YOU TODAY?<\/p>\n
.lower()<\/h3>\n
Converts all characters to lower case<\/p>\n
s.lower()<\/pre>\n
hello world. how are you today?<\/p>\n
.title()<\/h3>\n
s.title()<\/pre>\n
Hello World. How Are You Today?<\/p>\n
.isalnum()<\/h3>\n
Check if all chars are alpha-numeric<\/p>\n
'Hello'.isalnum()<\/pre>\n
True<\/p>\n
'Hello!'.isalnum()<\/pre>\n
False<\/p>\n
.isalpha()<\/h3>\n
Check if all chars are alpha-numeric<\/p>\n
'Hello'.isalnum()<\/pre>\n
True<\/p>\n
'Hello123'.isalnum()<\/pre>\n
False<\/p>\n
.islower()<\/h3>\n
'hello'.islower()<\/pre>\n
True<\/p>\n
'Hello'.islower()<\/pre>\n
False<\/p>\n
.isspace()<\/h3>\n
'\\t \\t'.isspace()<\/pre>\n
True<\/p>\n
'Hello'.isspace()<\/pre>\n
False<\/p>\n
.istitle()<\/h3>\n
\"Hello World. How Are You Today?\".istitle()<\/pre>\n
True<\/p>\n
\"Hello world. How Are You Today?\".istitle()<\/pre>\n
False<\/p>\n
.isupper()<\/h3>\n
'HELLO\".isuppoer()<\/pre>\n
True<\/p>\n
'HELLo\".isuppoer()<\/pre>\n
False<\/p>\n
.islower()<\/h3>\n
'hello.islower()<\/pre>\n
True<\/p>\n
'HELLo\".islower()<\/pre>\n
False<\/p>\n
.endswith()<\/h3>\n
s = 'Hello'\r\ns.endswidth('o')<\/pre>\n
True
\n(This is the same as)<\/p>\n
s[-1]=='o'<\/pre>\n
True<\/p>\n
.count()<\/h3>\n
Count recurrence of a character in the string<\/p>\n
s.count('o')<\/pre>\n
5<\/p>\n
.find()<\/h3>\n
Find the first occurrence of a character in the string<\/p>\n
s.find('o')<\/pre>\n
4<\/p>\n
Formatting<\/h2>\n
.center(count, char)<\/h3>\n
s = 'Hello world'\r\ns.center(20,'.')<\/pre>\n
….Hello world…..<\/p>\n
.expandtabs()<\/h3>\n
print(\"hello\/thi\")\r\n\"hello\/thi\".expandtabs()<\/pre>\n
hello    hi\r\nhello    hi<\/pre>\n
Regular Expressions Methods<\/h2>\n
.split()<\/h3>\n
s = \"hello world. how are you today?\"\r\ns.split()<\/pre>\n
[‘hello’, ‘world.’, ‘how’, ‘are’, ‘you’, ‘today?’]<\/p>\n
s.split('o')<\/pre>\n
[‘hell’, ‘ w’, ‘rld. h’, ‘w are y’, ‘u t’, ‘day?’]<\/p>\n
.partition()<\/h3>\n
Splits only at the first occurrence. Returns the first part, the separator, and the trailing end.<\/p>\n
s = \"hello world. how are you today?\"\r\ns.partition('o')<\/pre>\n
(‘hell’, ‘o’, ‘ world. how are you today?’)<\/p>\n
s.partition('!')<\/pre>\n
(‘hello world. how are you today?’, ”, ”)<\/p>\n
Advanced Sets<\/h1>\n
https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/complete-python-bootcamp\/learn\/lecture\/3650898#questions<\/a><\/p>\n
Sets will not take any duplicate items<\/p>\n
.add()<\/h3>\n
s = set()\r\ns.add(1)\r\ns.add(2)\r\ns.add(1)\r\ns<\/pre>\n
{1, 2}<\/p>\n
.clear()<\/h3>\n
s.clear()\r\ns<\/pre>\n
set()<\/p>\n
.copy<\/h3>\n
s = {1, 2, 3}\r\nsc = s.copy()\r\ns.add(4)\r\nsc<\/pre>\n
{1, 2, 3}<\/p>\n
.difference()<\/h3>\n
s.difference(sc)<\/pre>\n
{4}<\/p>\n
.difference_update()<\/h3>\n
s1 = {1,2,3}\r\ns2={1,4,5}\r\ns1.difference_update(s2)\r\ns1<\/pre>\n
{2, 3}<\/p>\n
.discard()<\/h3>\n
Removes an item from the set if it exists<\/p>\n
s = {1, 2, 3, 4}\r\ns.discard(2)\r\ns<\/pre>\n
{1, 3, 4}<\/p>\n
.intersection()<\/h3>\n
Returns the common elements in 2 or more sets<\/p>\n
s1 = {1, 2, 3, 4}\r\ns2 = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\r\ns3 = {2, 4, 6, 8}\r\ns1.intersection(s2, s3)<\/pre>\n
{2, 4}<\/p>\n
.intersection_update<\/h3>\n
Updates the current set to equal the intersection of all sets tested.<\/p>\n
s1 = {1, 2, 3, 4}\r\ns2 = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\r\ns3 = {2, 4, 6, 8}\r\ns1.intersection_update(s2, s3)\r\ns1<\/pre>\n
{2, 4}<\/p>\n
.isdisjoint()<\/h3>\n
Returns True if there are no matching elements<\/p>\n
s1 = {1, 2, 3, 4}\r\ns2 = {5, 6, 7, 8}\r\ns3 = {3, 4, 5, 6}\r\ns1.isdisjoint(s2)<\/pre>\n
True<\/p>\n
s1.isdisjoint(s3)<\/pre>\n
False<\/p>\n
.issubset()<\/h3>\n
s1 = {1, 2}\r\ns2 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\r\ns3 = {3, 4, 5, 6}\r\ns1.issubset(s2)<\/pre>\n
True<\/p>\n
s1.issubset(s3)<\/pre>\n
False<\/p>\n
.issuperset()<\/h3>\n
s1 = {1, 2}\r\ns2 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\r\ns3 = {3, 4, 5, 6}\r\ns2.issuperset(s1)<\/pre>\n
True<\/p>\n
s3.issuperset(s1)<\/pre>\n
False<\/p>\n
.symmetric_difference()<\/h3>\n
Returns a set of all items that are unique to both sets.
\n(Opposite of .intersection())<\/p>\n
s1 = {0, 1, 2}\r\ns2 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\r\ns1.symmetric_difference(s2)<\/pre>\n
{0, 3, 4, 5}<\/p>\n
.symmetric_difference()<\/h3>\n
Returns a set of all items that are unique to both sets<\/p>\n
s1 = {0, 1, 2}\r\ns2 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\r\ns1.symmetric_difference_update(s2)\r\ns1<\/pre>\n
{0, 3, 4, 5}<\/p>\n
.union()<\/h3>\n
Returns all elements in all sets<\/p>\n
s1 = {1, 2}\r\ns2 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\r\ns3 = {3, 4, 5, 6}\r\ns1.union(s2, s3)<\/pre>\n
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}<\/p>\n
.update()<\/h3>\n
Sets the current set = all elements in all sets<\/p>\n
s1 = {1, 2}\r\ns2 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\r\ns3 = {3, 4, 5, 6}\r\ns1.update(s2, s3)\r\ns1<\/pre>\n
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}<\/p>\n
Advanced Dictionaries<\/h1>\n
https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/complete-python-bootcamp\/learn\/lecture\/3512774#questions<\/a><\/p>\n
Dictionary Comprehension<\/h2>\n
Not common. Difficult to get keys that are not based on the values
\n{ key: value }<\/p>\n
mydict = {x: x**2 for x in range(10)}\r\nmydict<\/pre>\n
{0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25, 6: 36, 7: 49, 8: 64, 9: 81}<\/p>\n
.keys()<\/h3>\n
Returns the keys
\nThis can also be used without the function. Keys are returned by default<\/b><\/p>\n
d = {'k1':1, 'k2':2}\r\nfor k in d:\r\n    print( k)<\/pre>\n
k1
\nk2<\/p>\n
.items()<\/h3>\n
Returns (key, value) tuples<\/p>\n
d = {'k1':1, 'k2':2}\r\nfor k in d:\r\n    print( k)<\/pre>\n
(‘k1’, 1)
\n(‘k2’, 2)<\/p>\n
.values()<\/h3>\n
Returns the values<\/p>\n
d = {'k1':1, 'k2':2}\r\nfor k in d.values():\r\n    print( k)<\/pre>\n
1
\n2<\/p>\n
Advanced Lists<\/h1>\n
https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/complete-python-bootcamp\/learn\/lecture\/3512772#questions<\/a><\/p>\n
.append()<\/h3>\n
mylist = [1, 2, 3]\r\nmylist.append(4)\r\nmylist<\/pre>\n
[1, 2, 3, 4]<\/p>\n
.count()<\/h3>\n
Returns the number of times an element occurs in a list<\/p>\n
mylist = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\r\nmylist.count(2)<\/pre>\n
3<\/p>\n
.extend()<\/h3>\n
Almost the same as append, but appends a list instead of adding it as an item.
\n.append() example:<\/p>\n
mylist = [1, 2, 3]\r\nmylist.append([4, 5])\r\nprint(mylist)<\/pre>\n
[1, 2, 3, [4, 5]]
\n.extend() example:<\/p>\n
mylist = [1, 2, 3]\r\nmylist.extend([4, 5])\r\nprint(mylist)<\/pre>\n
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/p>\n
.index()<\/h3>\n
Returns the first index of a value in the list
\nNote: returns an error if the search value is not in the list.<\/b><\/p>\n
mylist = [4, 5, 5, 8, 9]\r\nmylist.index(5)<\/pre>\n
1<\/p>\n
.insert(index, object)<\/h3>\n
Inserts the object at the index provided.<\/p>\n
mylist = [4, 5, 5, 8, 9]\r\nmylist.insert(2,'hello')\r\nmylist<\/pre>\n
[4, 5, ‘hello’, 5, 8, 9]
\nNote: if the index provided is > the last index, the value will be appended to the list.<\/b><\/p>\n
mylist = [4, 5, 5, 8, 9]\r\nmylist.insert(20,'hello')\r\nmylist<\/pre>\n
[4, 5, 5, 8, 9, ‘hello’]<\/p>\n
.pop()<\/h3>\n
Pops off and returns the list item in the list<\/p>\n
mylist = [4, 5, 5, 8, 9]\r\nprint(mylist.pop())\r\nmylist<\/pre>\n
9
\n[4, 5, 5, 8]<\/p>\n
You can also pop a specific item from the list by it’s index.<\/p>\n
mylist = [4, 5, 5, 8, 9]\r\nprint(mylist.pop(3))\r\nmylist<\/pre>\n
8
\n[4, 5, 5, 9]<\/p>\n
.remove()<\/h3>\n
Removes the first occurrance of a value in the list<\/p>\n
mylist = [4, 5, 5, 8, 9, 8]\r\nmylist.remove(8)\r\nmylist<\/pre>\n
[4, 5, 5, 9, 8]<\/p>\n
.reverse()<\/h3>\n
Reverses the order of the items in place (index values are changed!)<\/p>\n
mylist = [4, 5, 5, 8, 9, 8]\r\nmylist.reverse()\r\nmylist<\/pre>\n
[8, 9, 8, 5, 5, 4]<\/p>\n
.sort()<\/h3>\n
Sorts ascending the items in place. (Index values are changed!)<\/p>\n
mylist = [8, 9, 8, 5, 5, 4]\r\nmylist.sort()\r\nmylist<\/pre>\n
[4, 5, 5, 8, 8, 9]<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
< Section 15 | Section 17 > Advanced Numbers https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/complete-python-bootcamp\/learn\/lecture\/3650896?start=0#questions Hexadecimal hex() Values are returned as strings hex(246) 0xf6 hex(256) 0x200 Binary bin() Values are returned as strings bin(1234) 0b10011010010 pow() Looks like PHP to me… 2**3 == pow(2,3) abs() abs(-4) 4 round() Rounds to 0 places by default round(4.75,1) 4.8 round(4.75) 5 Advanced Strings ..<\/p>\n
<\/div>\n
Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-python-bootcamp-0-to-hero"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1938","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1938"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1938\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1950,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1938\/revisions\/1950"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1938"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}