{"id":193,"date":"2015-09-06T22:25:21","date_gmt":"2015-09-06T22:25:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/?p=193"},"modified":"2015-09-07T17:53:10","modified_gmt":"2015-09-07T17:53:10","slug":"ccent-5-s01-e19-adv-tcp-ip-subnetting-part-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/?p=193","title":{"rendered":"CCENT 5 S01 E19 \u2013 Adv TCP: IP Subnetting, Part 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"notice\">This article outlines the steps required to break a Class A, B or C Network and break it down into multiple subnets as defined by the required number of subnets.<br \/>\nAt the bottom of the page, several examples are provided, as well as several test scenarios (actual answers not provided.)<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>The Three Steps of Subnetting<\/h3>\n<p>1. Determine the number of networks and convert to Binary<\/p>\n<p>2. Reserve bits in Subnet Mask and find your Increment<\/p>\n<p>3. Use Increment to find your Network Ranges<\/p>\n<h3>Formulas (Memorize!):<\/h3>\n<p>The actual number of subnets possible = 2^(required network bits)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Required Networks = 5 = 101 = 3 bits<\/li>\n<li>Actual Networks = 2^3 = 8 Networks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The total number of hosts available per subnet = 2^(bits in hosts) &#8211; 2<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Subnet Mask = 11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000<\/li>\n<li>Bits in Hosts = 9<\/li>\n<li>Available hosts per subnet = 2^9 &#8211; 2 = 512 &#8211; 2 = 510<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Scenario #1: Class C needs 5 Networks: IP = 216.21.5.0<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/subnet1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-199\" src=\"http:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/subnet1.png\" alt=\"subnet1\" width=\"1045\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/subnet1.png 1045w, https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/subnet1-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/subnet1-1024x668.png 1024w, https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/subnet1-150x98.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1045px) 100vw, 1045px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>1. Determine # networks and convert<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>5 = 00000101<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2a. Reserve bits in Subnet Mask<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>3 Bits required to make &#8216;5&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 = Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.224<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2b. Find Increment (Lowest bit in Subnet Mask)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>11111111.11111111.11111111.11<strong>1<\/strong>00000 = 32<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3. Use Increment to find ranges<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>216.21.5.0 &#8211; 216.21.5.31<\/li>\n<li>216.21.5.32 &#8211; 216.21.5.63<\/li>\n<li>216.21.5.64 &#8211; 216.21.5.95<\/li>\n<li>216.21.5.96 &#8211; 216.21.5.127<\/li>\n<li>216.21.5.128 &#8211; 216.21.5.159<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Scenario #2: Class C needs 50 Networks: IP = 195.5.20.0<\/h3>\n<p>This is the second most popular subnet in use.\u00a0 It allows 2 useable IP addresses per network and is perfect for Point to Point (Router to Router) connections.<\/p>\n<p>1. Determine # networks and convert<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>50 = 00110010<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2a. Reserve bits in Subnet Mask<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>6 Bits required to make &#8217;50&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100 = Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.252 = 195.5.20.0\/30<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2b. Find Increment (Lowest bit in Subnet Mask)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>11111111.11111111.11111111.11111<strong>1<\/strong>00 = 4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3. Use Increment to find ranges<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>195.5.20.0 &#8211; 195.5.20.3<\/li>\n<li>195.5.20.4 &#8211; 195.5.20.7<\/li>\n<li>195.5.20.8 &#8211; 195.5.20.11<\/li>\n<li>195.5.20.12 &#8211; 195.5.20.15<\/li>\n<li>195.5.20.16 &#8211; 195.5.20.19<\/li>\n<li>195.5.20.196 &#8211; 195.5.20.199<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Scenario #3: Class B needs 100 Networks: IP = 150.5.0.0<\/h3>\n<p>1. Determine # networks and convert<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>100 = 01100100<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2a. Reserve bits in Subnet Mask<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>7 Bits required to make &#8216;100&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000 = Subnet Mask = 255.255.254.000 = 150.5.0.0\/23<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2b. Find Increment (Lowest bit in Subnet Mask)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>11111111.11111111.111111<b>1<\/b>0.00000000 = 2 (3rd Octet)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3. Use Increment to find ranges<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>150.5.0.0 &#8211; 150.5.1.255<\/li>\n<li>150.5.2.0 &#8211; 150.5.3.255<\/li>\n<li>150.5.4.0 &#8211; 150.5.5.255<\/li>\n<li>150.5.6.0 &#8211; 150.5.7.255<\/li>\n<li>150.5.8.0 &#8211; 150.5.9.255<\/li>\n<li>&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Scenario #4: Class A needs 500 Networks: IP = 10.0.0.0<\/h3>\n<p>1. Determine # networks and convert<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>500 = 1xxxxxxxx<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2a. Reserve bits in Subnet Mask<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>9 Bits required to make &#8216;500&#8217;<\/li>\n<li>11111111.11111111.10000000.00000000 = Subnet Mask = 255.255.128.0 = 10.0.0.0\/17<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2b. Find Increment (Lowest bit in Subnet Mask)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>11111111.11111111.<b>1<\/b>000000.00000000 = 128 (3rd Octet)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3. Use Increment to find ranges<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>10.0.0.0 &#8211; 100.0.127.255<\/li>\n<li>10.0.128.0 &#8211; 10.0.255.255<\/li>\n<li>10.1.0.0 &#8211; 10.1.127.255<\/li>\n<li>150.1.128.0 &#8211; 10.1.255.255<\/li>\n<li>150.2.0.0 &#8211; 10.2.127.255<\/li>\n<li>&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>On My Own<\/h3>\n<h4>200.1.1.0 into 40 Networks<\/h4>\n<p>Class C<br \/>\n1. Determine # networks and convert<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>40 = 001xxxxx<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2a. Determine Bits Required<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>6 bits<\/li>\n<li>Subnet Mask = 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100 = 200.1.1.252\u00a0 aka \/30<\/li>\n<li>Max Networks = 2^6 = 64<\/li>\n<li>Hosts \/ Network = 2^2-2 = 4-2 = 2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2b. Find the lowest Increment<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>11111<strong>1<\/strong>00 = 4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3. Calculate the ranges<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>200.1.1.0 &#8211; 200.1.1.3<\/li>\n<li>200.1.1.4 &#8211; 200.1.1.7<\/li>\n<li>200.1.1.8 &#8211; 200.1.1.11<\/li>\n<li>200.1.1.12 &#8211; 200.1.1.15<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>199.9.10.0 into 14 Networks<\/h4>\n<p>Class C<\/p>\n<p>1. Determine # networks and convert<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>14 = 00001xxx<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2a. Determine Bits Required<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>4 bits<\/li>\n<li>Subnet Mask = 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000 = 199.9.10.240 aka \/28<\/li>\n<li>Max Networks = 2^4 = 16<\/li>\n<li>Hosts \/ Network = 2^4-2 = 16-2 = 14<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2b. Find the lowest Increment<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>111<strong>1<\/strong>0000 = 16<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3. Calculate the ranges<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>199.9.10.0 &#8211; 199.9.10.15<\/li>\n<li>199.9.10.16 &#8211; 199.9.10.31<\/li>\n<li>199.9.10.32 &#8211; 199.9.10.63<\/li>\n<li>199.9.10.64 &#8211; 199.9.10.79<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4>170.50.0.0 into 1000 Networks<\/h4>\n<p>Class B<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Convert to Binary<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>1000 = 0000001x.xxxxxxxx (10 bits)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2. Get Increment<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mask = 11111111.1<strong>1<\/strong>000000 = 64 Increment<\/li>\n<li>Max Networks = 2^10 = 1024<\/li>\n<li>Hosts \/ Network = 2^6-2 = 64-2 = 62<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3. Calc Ranges<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>170.50.0.0 &#8211; 170.50.0.63<\/li>\n<li>170.50.0.64 &#8211; 170.50.0.127<\/li>\n<li>170.50.0.128 &#8211; 170.50.0.191<\/li>\n<li>170.50.0.192 &#8211; 170.50.0.255<\/li>\n<li>170.50.1.0 &#8211; 170.50.1.63<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>12.0.0.0 into 25 Networks<\/h4>\n<p>Class A<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Convert to Binary<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>25 = 0001xxxx = 5 Bits<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2. Calc Increment<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1111<strong>1<\/strong>000 = 8<\/li>\n<li>Max Networks = 2^5 = 32<\/li>\n<li>Hosts \/ Network = (2^3 x 2^8 x 2^8) &#8211; 2 = (8 * 256 * 256) &#8211; 2 = 524288 &#8211; 2 = 524286<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Calc Ranges<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>12.0.0.0 &#8211; 12.7.255.255<\/li>\n<li>12.8.0.0 &#8211; 12.15.255.255<\/li>\n<li>12.16.0.0 &#8211; 12.23.255.255<\/li>\n<li>12.24.0.0 &#8211; 12.31.255.255<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article outlines the steps required to break a Class A, B or C Network and break it down into multiple subnets as defined by the required number of subnets. At the bottom of the page, several examples are provided, as well as several test scenarios (actual answers not provided.) &nbsp; The Three Steps of ..<\/p>\n<div class=\"clear-fix\"><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/?p=193\" title=\"read more...\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,2,11,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ccent","category-networking","category-subnets","category-tcpip"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=193"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":214,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193\/revisions\/214"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wiki.thomasandsofia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}